In late 2023, Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) obtained exclusive testimonies indicating that a Turkish private security company—close to the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi,…
This report was amended on 11 May 2023. The number of Syrian fighters currently in Libya is nearly 7000, not 5000, as an earlier version said. Headless of the unrelenting efforts…
Executive Summary The operative legal framework, related to the criminalization of all aspects and consequences of mercenarism, remains largely, if not entirely, inadequate. This shortcoming does not stem only from…
Mayhem gripped the Libyan capital Tripoli after local factions engaged in a new fit of clashes, described as the most violent in two years. This bout of warfare took a…
Over two and a half years ago, several sides started deploying Syrian fighters to Libya to join combat as mercenaries besides the two warring parties. The current number of these…
On 30 July 2021, the Libyan 5+5 Joint Military Commission announced the reopening of the coastal road linking the country’s east and west. The road, which spans the length of…
Despite an October 2020 ceasefire agreement and repeated international calls to expel all foreign forces and mercenaries from the Libyan conflict, recruitment operations continue to enlist and transfer Syrian mercenaries…
Introduction Parties in the Libyan conflict reached a permanent ceasefire agreement across the country on 23 October 2020.[1] The agreement contained a term on the removal of various groups of…
Introduction Commanders of the Syrian National Army (SNA)—backed by Turkey and affiliated with the Syrian opposition—arbitrarily deprived Syrian recruits of parts of their salaries, which they are paid in return…