1. Introduction and Background The Shura Council of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) was founded in 2017, in conjunction with the announcement of HTS’s formation as a merger of several jihadist…
On 14 September 2021, the Syrian President Bashar al-Assad issued Decree No. 237 which created new “zoning” restrictions in the areas at the northern entrance of Damascus, including Qaboun and…