{"id":18460,"date":"2022-09-05T08:00:03","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T05:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/suriyedeki-ezidiler-on-yillardir-inkar-ve-ayrimcilik\/"},"modified":"2022-09-04T20:08:54","modified_gmt":"2022-09-04T17:08:54","slug":"suriyedeki-ezidiler-on-yillardir-inkar-ve-ayrimcilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/tr\/suriyedeki-ezidiler-on-yillardir-inkar-ve-ayrimcilik\/","title":{"rendered":"Suriye’deki Ezidiler: On Y\u0131llard\u0131r \u0130nk\u00e2r ve Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"

Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti:<\/h4>\n

Ezidilerin (Ezidiler) Suriye ve b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r, defalarca maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 imha nedeniyle say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok azald\u0131 ve yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan dini az\u0131nl\u0131klardan biri oldular. Bununla birlikte, Suriye, Irak, K\u00fcrdistan, T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ezidi topluluklar\u0131 hala bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgede bu dini az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 en son yap\u0131lan soyk\u0131r\u0131m 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle de kendisini \u0130slam Devleti olarak adland\u0131ran ve medyada (I\u015e\u0130D) olarak bilinen \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. I\u015e\u0130D, Irak’\u0131n Sincar (\u015eengal)\u00a0 b\u00f6lgesine sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda binlerce Ezidi’yi tutuklay\u0131p Suriye’ye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Uluslararas\u0131 Suriye Soru\u015fturma Komisyonu’nun a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir vah\u015fete maruz kald\u0131lar.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ezidiler’e y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m giri\u015fimlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu bu dini gruba kar\u015f\u0131, inan\u00e7, din, gelenek ve etnik k\u00f6kenlerine sald\u0131rmakla ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu giri\u015fimler dini rit\u00fcellerini \u00e7arp\u0131tma ve onlar\u0131 insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma arzusuyla yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu yarat\u0131lan durum ger\u00e7ek cinayetleri i\u015flemeden ve yerinden edilmeden \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir ortam yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n

Hakim olan dinlerin di\u011fer inan\u00e7lar\u0131 tan\u0131mamas\u0131, dini ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer dinlerin az\u0131nl\u0131k inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemesi ve hakim dinlerin di\u011fer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dini gruplar\u0131n rit\u00fcellerini ve geleneklerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mamas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun benimsedi\u011fi dinin \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131k dinlerini cezaland\u0131rmas\u0131 dini \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa sahip olanlar\u0131n kendi dinlerini devletin “resmi dini” olmas\u0131na sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ezidilerin etnik olarak K\u00fcrt olmalar\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’nin (Kurmanci leh\u00e7esini) konu\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu S\u00fcnni olan K\u00fcrtlerden inan\u00e7 olarak farkl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak baz\u0131 Ezidiler, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle K\u00fcrtlerden ayr\u0131 bir etnik grup olarak tan\u0131nmay\u0131 tercih ediyor.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Devleti ve Suriye muhalefet koalisyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki “Zeytin Dal\u0131” ve 2019 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki “Bar\u0131\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f harek\u00e2tlar Ezidilerin b\u00f6lgede ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesine ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da hak ihlaline maruz kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 neden olmu\u015ftur. Afrin’de Ezidi kad\u0131nlar\u0131 keyfi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve “\u0130slama” ge\u00e7me bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ezidilerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 (Lale\u015f Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131), Irak’\u0131n Ninova Valili\u011fi’ndeki Musul \u015fehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda “\u015fehan” b\u00f6lgesinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak Ezidiler, Irak K\u00fcrdistan \u015fehirlerinin \u00e7o\u011funda ve Suriye, L\u00fcbnan, T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran’\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde, ayr\u0131ca Ermenistan ve G\u00fcrcistan’da yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktalar.<\/p>\n

Afrin’deki Ezidiler, \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye’nin i\u015fgal etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde dini bayramlar\u0131n\u0131 kutlamaktan ve Ezidi din dersini almaktan al\u0131konularak dini k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Amerikan Din \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Komitesi”, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 Suriye raporunda, Afrin \u015fehri gibi T\u00fcrk kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6zellikle K\u00fcrtler, Ezidiler ve yerinden edilmi\u015f H\u0131ristiyanlar olmak \u00fczere az\u0131nl\u0131klara zul\u00fcm edilmesini ve marjinalle\u015ftirilmesini ele\u015ftirdi. Rapor, Ankara’ya Suriye’den \u00e7ekilmesi i\u00e7in bir zaman \u00e7izelgesi belirlemesi i\u00e7in bask\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu, “\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durum oradaki Ezidi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, H\u0131ristiyanlar ve K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik dini ve etnik temizli\u011fi \u015fiddetlendirebilir”.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Metodoloji:<\/h4>\n

Bu raporda da g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi, Ezidilere soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmadan \u00f6nce tarih boyunca Ezidi inanc\u0131na sahip insanlar\u0131n dinleri ve rit\u00fcelleri \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, uygunsuz s\u0131fatlar yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, gelenekleri hor g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum fiili soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir ortam yaratmaya zemin olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Buna cevap olarak, bu rapor, Ezidi dininin k\u00f6kenlerini, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, rit\u00fcellerini ve bu dinin temellerinin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi sembolleri inceleyecektir. Raporda, bu grubun \u00f6zellikle Suriye’de maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihlaller de g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilecek ve bu dine ili\u015fkin dini fetvalar ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130slami olan dini anlat\u0131lar s\u0131ralanacak.<\/p>\n

Rapor ayn\u0131 zamanda ge\u00e7mi\u015f Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Suriye’sinde Ezidilerin nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, T\u00fcrk devletinin 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 “Zeytin Dal\u0131” ve 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Bar\u0131\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131” harek\u00e2tlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Afrin ve Ras al-Ain\/Serekaniye’den yerinden edilmi\u015f Ezidilerin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durum ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu rapor esas olarak Suriye’deki ve\/veya \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Ezidi ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n canl\u0131 ifadelerine dayanmakta ve 14’\u00fc kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere toplam 32 ki\u015fiye g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Rapor ayr\u0131ca, yerel ve uluslar aras\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan raporlara ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayanmaktad\u0131r. Suriye anayasas\u0131n\u0131n dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ve Suriye’deki vatanda\u015flar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen ki\u015fisel stat\u00fc kanunu ile ilgili yasal y\u00f6nlerini de g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Suriye ve b\u00f6lgedeki Ezidi dinini k\u00f6kenleri ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ile bu dinin maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 ihlalleri konu alan bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma da tarihsel boyutuyla g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n

Rapor \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

(1) 2011-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Suriye’de ya\u015fanan mevcut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya ili\u015fkin ihlaller ve Suriye’de \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk ordusunun kontrol\u00fcndeki Afrin ve Ras al-Ain\/serekaniye b\u00f6lgelerinde Ezidilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihlallerin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Ayr\u0131vca, ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n mallar\u0131na el konuldu\u011funu, tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n dinine mensup olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden bir sunumdur.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(2) Rapor, Ezidilerin Suriye y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda (\u00f6zellikle 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce) maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 yasal haklardan mahrum b\u0131rakma ve dinlerini ink\u00e2r etme gibi ihlalleri ele al\u0131yor. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Ki\u015fisel Stat\u00fc Yasas\u0131 ile yasal ve anayasal \u00e7er\u00e7evesini ve onun Ezidi dininin haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini inceliyor.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(3) Rapor, Ezidi dininin k\u00f6keni, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve dini rit\u00fcelleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, tarih boyunca varl\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 ihlalleri ele al\u0131yor. Son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise rapor, dini az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 ilkeleri do\u011frultusunda koruyan uluslararas\u0131 yasalar\u0131 ve mevzuat\u0131 inceliyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Raporun tamam\u0131n\u0131 PDF format\u0131nda okumak i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/a><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> “Yok Etmeye Geldiler: DA\u0130\u015e’in Yezidilere Y\u00f6nelik Su\u00e7lar\u0131”. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Suriye Soru\u015fturma Komisyonu. 15 Haziran 2016. Belge No.A\/HRC\/32\/CRP.2.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Ely Sannes, Ezidilern Durumu: I\u015e\u0130D Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan Sekiz Y\u0131l Sonra, Washington K\u00fcrt Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, 27 May\u0131s 2022: Son ziyaret 14 Temmuz 2022: https:\/\/dckurd.org\/2022\/05\/27\/the-status-of-the-yazidis-eight-years\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>“Temiz Eller Yok”- \u00d6n saflarda ve man\u015fetlerde siviller, silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan korkun\u00e7 ve giderek artan bir \u015fekilde hedef al\u0131nan suistimallere maruz kalmaya devam ediyor. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Suriye Soru\u015fturma Komisyonu.15 Eyl\u00fcl 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda. Bas\u0131n b\u00fclteni ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 en son 9 Temmuz 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda ziyaret edildi: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/2020\/09\/un-commission-inquiry-syria-no-clean-hands-behind-frontlines-and-headlines-armed-actors?LangID=A&NewsID=26237<\/a> Bas\u0131n b\u00fclteni, A\/HRC\/45\/31 rapor\/belge koduna dayal\u0131 olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>Afrin Yezidileri: ihlaller ve dini k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor. Ninar Halife. Enab Baladi gazetesi. 31 Temmuz 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda. (ba\u011flant\u0131ya son ziyaret: 19 Temmuz 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda): https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/502338<\/a><\/p>\n

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Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti: Ezidilerin (Ezidiler) Suriye ve b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r, defalarca maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 imha nedeniyle say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok azald\u0131 ve yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan dini az\u0131nl\u0131klardan biri oldular.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[840,868],"tags":[853,1183,1091,843,586,1184],"class_list":["post-18460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editorun-sectikleri","category-tematik-raporlar","tag-afrin-tr","tag-azinlik-sorunlari","tag-kuzeybati-suriye","tag-suriye","tag-turkiye","tag-yezidiler","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"\nSuriye'deki Ezidiler: On Y\u0131llard\u0131r \u0130nk\u00e2r ve 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