{"id":30757,"date":"2026-06-18T13:30:23","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T10:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/?p=30757"},"modified":"2026-06-18T15:50:38","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T12:50:38","slug":"syria-afrin-communication-to-un-special-rapporteurs-concerning-systematic-arbitrary-detention-torture-and-enforced-disappearances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/syria-afrin-communication-to-un-special-rapporteurs-concerning-systematic-arbitrary-detention-torture-and-enforced-disappearances\/","title":{"rendered":"Syria\/Afrin: Communication to UN Special Rapporteurs Concerning Systematic Arbitrary Detention, Torture, and Enforced Disappearances"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">To the attention of:<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;<\/li>\n<li>Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances;<\/li>\n<li>Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons;<\/li>\n<li>Special Rapporteur on minority issues;<\/li>\n<li>Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence;<\/li>\n<li>Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) respectfully submits this complaint to your mandates, bringing to your attention a systematic and ongoing pattern of arbitrary detention, torture, enforced disappearance, financial extortion, and discrimination based on ethnic identity targeting, and continuing to target, the Kurdish population in Afrin and its surrounding areas in northwestern Syria since Turkish forces and Turkish-backed Syrian armed factions took control of the region in March 2018. These violations have continued up to the date of this submission, including documented abuses committed in 2024 and 2025 following the fall of the Assad regime and the formation of the Syrian transitional government.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This complaint is based on a body of direct field evidence comprising 41 testimonies collected in the second half of 2025, along with open-source materials, documents, and reports issued by UN bodies and international human rights organizations. Together, these sources demonstrate that the documented violations are not isolated incidents or disconnected abuses but are part of a recurring, interconnected policy whose methods evolve even as its repressive structure remains fundamentally unchanged.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The documented material shows that arbitrary detention in Afrin was not merely a standalone violation but rather the entry point into a broader cycle of interconnected abuses: detention without judicial basis, transfer to official or unofficial detention facilities, torture or degrading treatment, financial extortion in exchange for release, and, in many cases, denial of the victim\u2019s whereabouts or fate, amounting to enforced disappearance. The testimonies further show that these violations were frequently linked to the direct ethnic targeting of Kurds through a \u201cready-made accusation\u201d based on alleged affiliation with the People\u2019s Protection Units (YPG), the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), or the former Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES), as well as through discriminatory and degrading rhetoric used within detention facilities.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The exceptional gravity of this complaint lies in the fact that these patterns were not confined to the period of armed conflict or to the era preceding the restructuring of the factions. Rather, they persisted after the political transition in Damascus, suggesting that the system of abuse was not dismantled but instead institutionally repurposed within new governing structures. This has occurred amid a persistent absence of accountability, the continued operation of unofficial detention facilities, and the ongoing detention or disappearance of some victims to this day.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The gravity of this situation is further compounded by the fact that prior UN documentation was neither absent nor marginal. In its periodic reports issued in 2018,<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> 2020,<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> and 2022,<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (COI-Syria) documented violations related to Afrin and the conduct of Turkish-backed factions, including patterns of arbitrary deprivation of liberty, torture, and abuses against civilians and their property. This demonstrates that the relevant parties were aware of the nature of these violations and their recurring character.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Accordingly, this complaint is not being submitted to your mandates as a historical file documenting past violations, but rather as evidence of an ongoing pattern of grave abuses whose legal and humanitarian consequences persist to this day, including the continued disappearance of some victims, the ongoing impunity enjoyed by perpetrators, and the persistence of the security structures that enabled these violations and allowed them to continue. Furthermore, these violations are not encompassed within the current transitional justice framework, as Presidential Decree No. (20) of 2025, issued by the Syrian transitional government to establish the National Commission for Transitional Justice, is limited to \u201crevealing the truth regarding gross violations committed by the former regime\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> only, thereby creating a serious risk that crimes committed by actors other than the Assad regime will remain outside any accountability process.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this context, the intervention of your mandates is no longer merely a matter of documentation or monitoring; it has become an urgent necessity to halt ongoing violations, protect victims and their families, and ensure a minimum level of accountability and redress.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Syria-Afrin-Communication-to-UN-Special-Rapporteurs-Concerning-Systematic-Arbitrary-Detention-Torture-and-Enforced-Dis-1.pdf\">You May Read and Download the Full Report in PDF Format by Clicking Here.<\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBehind Closed Doors: Afrin\u2019s People Between Detention and Denial\u201d, STJ, 6 May 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/behind-closed-doors-afrins-people-between-detention-and-denial\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/behind-closed-doors-afrins-people-between-detention-and-denial\/<\/a> (Last accessed: 12 May 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, United Nations Human Rights Council, UN Doc. A\/HRC\/39\/65, 12 September 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/iici-syria\/documentation\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/iici-syria\/documentation<\/a> (Last accessed: 12 May 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, United Nations Human Rights Council, UN Doc. A\/HRC\/43\/57, 2 March 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/iici-syria\/documentation\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/iici-syria\/documentation<\/a> (Last accessed: 12 May 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, United Nations Human Rights Council, UN Doc. A\/HRC\/49\/77, 8 February 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/iici-syria\/documentation\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/iici-syria\/documentation<\/a> (Last accessed: 12 May 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> Text of Presidential Decree No. (20) Establishing the National Commission of Transitional Justice.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">https<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">:\/\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">archive<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">sana<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">sy<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">&#8211;<\/a><a 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href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">&#8211;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">&#8211;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.sana.sy\/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-20\/\">-20\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To the attention of: Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; Special Rapporteur on the human rights&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":30769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1761],"tags":[1385,1724,419,1272,728,1428,1349,1348,1717],"class_list":["post-30757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports","tag-1385","tag-accountability","tag-afrin","tag-enforced-disappearance","tag-human-rights","tag-human-rights-violations","tag-special-rapporteur-on-torture","tag-torture-in-syria","tag-victims-rights","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Syria\/Afrin: Communication to UN Special Rapporteurs Concerning Systematic Arbitrary Detention, Torture, and Enforced Disappearances - Syrians for Truth and Justice<\/title>\n<meta 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