{"id":27443,"date":"2025-05-18T22:46:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-18T19:46:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/war-crimes-turkish-sna-attacks-on-tishrin-dam-killed-civilians-endangered-the-vital-resource\/"},"modified":"2025-05-19T12:53:39","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T09:53:39","slug":"war-crimes-turkish-sna-attacks-on-tishrin-dam-killed-civilians-endangered-the-vital-resource","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/war-crimes-turkish-sna-attacks-on-tishrin-dam-killed-civilians-endangered-the-vital-resource\/","title":{"rendered":"War Crimes: Turkish\/SNA Attacks on Tishrin Dam Killed Civilians, Endangered the Vital Resource"},"content":{"rendered":"<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Background<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 8 January 2025, 24 civilians have been killed, including three journalists and a theater actor, while more than 200 others have been injured in a series of airstrikes primarily conducted by Turkish forces allied with the Syrian National Army (SNA) factions they support. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medyanews.net\/civilians-in-northern-syria-form-human-shield-to-protect-tishreen-dam-from-turkish-attacks-for-44-days\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to Medya News, these airstrikes, which mainly utilize drones, have targeted the Tishrin Dam and its surrounding areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For nearly three months, civilians, some of whom were prompted by calls from the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), have <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9WuZ8Qv6TZE?si=7FI-pSNrWtDSMnhq\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gathered<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the Tishrin Dam to protest air and artillery bombardments of the dam and its surroundings by allied forces. They voice their concerns about the potential collapse of the dam, which is a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/npasyria.com\/205000\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vital<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> facility for their <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rojavainformationcenter.org\/ar\/2025\/02\/%d8%a5%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%af-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b7%d9%87-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%a8\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">survival<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The first protest convoy arrived at the dam on 8 January 2025. Unfortunately, it was targeted by a Turkish drone strike that killed five civilians, including Karam Ahed Shehab, an administrator in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nescivildiplomacy.com\/ar\/2023\/02\/02\/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zenobia Women\u2019s Gathering<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and injured 15 others, according to a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/story.php?story_fbid=961611256070333&amp;id=100066644035141&amp;rdid=pSsIshf57FRoBOxV\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">statement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the AANES.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Tishrin Dam, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/Tishrin+Dam,+Syria\/@36.3808296,38.1759989,17z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x1530e2e5390bf0e7:0xef7bb88d1442b71b!8m2!3d36.3808253!4d38.1785738!16s%2Fm%2F09rwmqw?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDMwNC4wIKXMDSoJLDEwMjExNDUzSAFQAw%3D%3D\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">located<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the Euphrates River near the city of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/Manbij,+Syria\/@36.5294906,37.9165637,13z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x1531aaf40861e571:0x632a18d36ef51a6d!8m2!3d36.5265833!4d37.9603731!16zL20vMDEyd19i?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDMxOS4yIKXMDSoJLDEwMjExNDUzSAFQAw%3D%3D\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manbij<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Aleppo countryside, has become a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/735017\/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B6%D8%BA%D8%B7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B6-%D9%85%D8%B9\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">battleground<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and the SNA factions. The conflict escalated after the SNA took control of Manbij as part of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etilaf.org\/press-release\/%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operation Dawn of Freedom<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which was launched on 30 November 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The SNA factions continued their shelling of the Dam, despite their official integration into the Syrian Ministry of Defense as part of the Syrian Interim Government. This integration followed the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/opinion\/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Victory Conference<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> held on 29 January 2025, and the government\u2019s signing, led by Ahmed al-Sharaa, of an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/articles\/cvgprd9glnvo\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agreement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the SDF on 11 March 2025, which stipulated a ceasefire across all Syrian territory. On 22 March 2025, the vicinity of the Dam experienced <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hawarnews.com\/ar\/120609\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">heavy<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriahr.com\/%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%80-%D9%80%D8%AA%D9%80-%D9%80%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A\/754076\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">artillery shelling<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This action appears to align with T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s stance regarding the aforementioned agreement. A Turkish military source <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aawsat.com\/%D8%B4%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\/5121562-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%A8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">indicated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that the Turkish army was closely monitoring the situation and stated that the agreement \u201cdid not change T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s commitment to fighting terrorism in Syria.\u201d Furthermore, T\u00fcrkiye remains determined to demand the dissolution of the People\u2019s Protection Units (YPG), a key component of the SDF, which T\u00fcrkiye views as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party (PKK) in Syria, a group it classifies as a terrorist organization.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Dam has been out of service since 10 December 2024, due to damage, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/ar\/story\/2025\/01\/1138031\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">according<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to UN spokesman St\u00e9phane Dujarric. He stated that this situation has disrupted access to water and electricity for more than 410,000 people in the Manbij and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/Koban%C3%AE,+Syria\/@36.8829,38.2774251,13z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x15315e51f7b65f5f:0xe0fcf5afc880bd73!8m2!3d36.8903434!4d38.3500108!16s%2Fm%2F02qhf3d?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDMxOS4yIKXMDSoJLDEwMjExNDUzSAFQAw%3D%3D\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ayn al-Arab\/Kobani<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> areas. A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/syrian-arab-republic\/nes-ngo-forum-update-12-humanitarian-impact-recent-developments-syria-northeast-syria-20-january-2025\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/organization\/nes-ngo-forum\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Northeast Syria NGO Forum<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> confirmed this, noting that clashes near the dam have endangered approximately 20,000 residents in ten neighboring villages. As a result, many families have fled to nearby villages, where they now confront overcrowding and increasing safety concerns.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several international organizations have condemned the attacks on the Dam. In a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2025\/01\/30\/northeast-syria-apparent-war-crime-turkiye-backed-forces\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> examining some of these strikes, Hiba Zayadin, a senior Middle East researcher at Human Rights Watch (HRW), stated,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u201cThe SNA and Turkish forces have demonstrated a clear and troubling pattern of unlawful attacks against civilians and civilian objects and even appear to be celebrating them. T\u00fcrkiye, as the SNA\u2019s main backer, has an obligation to rein in the SNA\u2019s abusive behavior or risk complicity in their crimes.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The attacks on the Dam align with the broader pattern of assaults against civilians and civilian infrastructure in areas controlled by the AANES. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/northeastern-syria-unprecedented-turkish-strikes-on-energy-infrastructure\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 2022<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Turkish military has conducted intensive air campaigns utilizing drones and warplanes. These operations have specifically targeted civilian infrastructure, including energy facilities and power plants, significantly affecting residents\u2019 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2023\/10\/26\/northeast-syria-turkish-strikes-disrupt-water-electricity\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">access to water and electricity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. One of the most recent campaigns took place between 24 and 26 October 2024, resulting in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rojavainformationcenter.org\/ar\/2024\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">deaths of 14 civilians<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. During this operation, Turkish forces struck several vital facilities that they had previously targeted multiple times, partially or completely destroying them <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/as-if-an-earthquake-had-struck-turkish-airstrikes-are-killing-life-in-northeast-syria\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">throughout 2023 and early 2024<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2024\/03\/un-commission-inquiry-syria-too-desperately-needs-ceasefire\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on these Turkish attacks, the International Commission of Inquiry on Syria (COI-Syria) noted that the killings of civilians in targeted aerial attacks, fitting a pattern of Turkish drone strikes, may amount to war crimes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has issued a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/ICRC_sy\/status\/1881278316633882928\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">warning<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that if the dam is damaged, the resulting humanitarian consequences could be catastrophic. The release of floodwaters may lead to significant environmental damage. They emphasized that, \u201cCivilian objects must not be subject to attacks or reprisals. Attacks may only be directed against military objectives. Tishreen Dam in Aleppo governorate is part of Syria\u2019s critical infrastructure. Dams have special protection under international humanitarian law (IHL).\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the present report, Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) provides details on several airstrikes and shelling attacks that targeted the area near the Tishrin Dam, including incidents on 16 and 18 January 2025. The report also explores the motivations of civilians who participated in protests at the site, emphasizing the Dam\u2019s significance as a civilian location and the damage it suffered as it became a frontline. This report is based on 11 testimonies obtained from eyewitnesses to the attacks, including the injured and relatives of victims, as well as employees of the AANES who are familiar with the Dam\u2019s condition. These individuals requested that their identities and identifying information be kept confidential for security reasons. As a result, pseudonyms have been used to reference the sources when quoting their testimonies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The attacks on the Dam represent just one aspect of the suffering endured by the residents of Manbij. Since the SNA took control of the city on 8 December 2024, there has been a significant <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hevdesti.org\/en\/manbij-the-rise-of-human-rights-violations-by-syrian-national-army-factions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increase in human rights violations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including summary executions, killings, arbitrary arrests, and torture. Furthermore, the severe security instability has greatly impacted civilians. During this time, the city has experienced at least seven explosions, five of which resulted in casualties. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/737424\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%ac\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">deadliest<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> event occurred on 3 February 2025, when a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/syria-manbij-bombing-the-terrifying-scenes-haunt-me-every-moment\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">car bomb<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> killed 21 women and one man, all of whom were civilians.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27445 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-ENG-780x488.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"780\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-ENG-780x488.jpg 780w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-ENG-719x450.jpg 719w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-ENG-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-ENG-585x366.jpg 585w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-ENG.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>Image 1. Contrails of Turkish drone circling over the Tishrin dam front. Captured by the Sentinel-2 satellite on 26 January 2025. Credit: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/akmckeever.substack.com\/p\/this-week-in-northern-syria-42025?utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This Week in Northern Syria<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27450 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-780x439.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"780\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-780x439.jpg 780w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-1422x800.jpg 1422w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-1170x658.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng-585x329.jpg 585w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-Eng.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>Image 2. Military control map during clashes in the vicinity of Tishrin Dam.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/War-Crimes_TurkishSNA-Attacks-on-Tishrin-Dam-Killed-Civilians.pdf\"><strong>To read the full report in PDF format, click here<\/strong><\/a> .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background Since 8 January 2025, 24 civilians have been killed, including three journalists and a theater actor, while more than 200 others have been injured in a series of airstrikes&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":27424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1209,1709,32],"class_list":["post-27443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigative-reports","tag-the-oppositions-syrian-national-army","tag-tishrin-dam","tag-War-Crimes","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - 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