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\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 PDF &#8211; \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>&#8221; \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 2025&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2025\/3\/14\/%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-2025\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2025\/3\/14\/%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-2025<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf\">https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/learningpartnership.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/pdfs\/Syria-Penal-Cade-1949-Arabic.pdf\">https:\/\/learningpartnership.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/pdfs\/Syria-Penal-Cade-1949-Arabic.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/ar\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/ar\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/law-and-policy\/geneva-conventions-and-their-commentaries\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/law-and-policy\/geneva-conventions-and-their-commentaries<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/rome-statute-international-criminal-court\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/rome-statute-international-criminal-court<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/ar\/customary-ihl\/v1\">https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/ar\/customary-ihl\/v1<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/arab\/b094.html\">https:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/arab\/b094.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/arab\/IDP-guiding.html\">https:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/arab\/IDP-guiding.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 31: \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a 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