{"id":28721,"date":"2025-10-23T09:00:16","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T06:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/?p=28721"},"modified":"2025-10-23T00:49:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T21:49:54","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 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\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<a href=\"#_ftn74\" name=\"_ftnref74\"><sup>[74]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637. \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 &#8220;Effective Control&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 <em>Nicaragua v. USA<\/em> \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<a href=\"#_ftn75\" name=\"_ftnref75\"><sup>[75]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 <em>Al-Skeini v. UK<\/em> \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645&#8221; \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<a href=\"#_ftn76\" name=\"_ftnref76\"><sup>[76]<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 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href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Turkey\u2019s war on Afrin: Operation Olive Branch explained <a href=\"https:\/\/rojavainformationcenter.org\/background\/war-on-afrin\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/rojavainformationcenter.org\/background\/war-on-afrin<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). \u201cCrimes in Syria: The Neglected Atrocities of Afrin.\u201d Case page, January 18, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/case\/crimes-in-syria-the-neglected-atrocities-of-afrin\/\">https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/case\/crimes-in-syria-the-neglected-atrocities-of-afrin\/<\/a> ; Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights. Cultivating Chaos: Afrin after Operation Olive Branch. London: Ceasefire, July 2020 (PDF. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ceasefire.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CFR_Syria_EN_July20.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ceasefire.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CFR_Syria_EN_July20.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u00a0Syrians for Truth and Justice and Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights, \u201cLooted Homes and Risky Return: Extortions and Violations Against Returnees to Afrin After the Regime\u2019s Fall,\u201d July 22, 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/looted-homes-and-risky-return-extortions-and-violations-against-returnees-to-afrin-after-the-regimes-fall\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/looted-homes-and-risky-return-extortions-and-violations-against-returnees-to-afrin-after-the-regimes-fall\/<\/a> ,<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 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href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\/\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645\u201d \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 6 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644 15 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 9 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2024\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84-15\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84-15\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Protocol for pillaging in Afrin, ANF news,9 November 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/anfenglishmobile.com\/features\/protocol-for-pillaging-in-afrin-30716\"><strong>https:\/\/anfenglishmobile.com\/features\/protocol-for-pillaging-in-afrin-30716<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> &#8220;\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/hlp.syria-report.com\/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA\/%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88\/\">https:\/\/hlp.syria-report.com\/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA\/%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0638\u0644\u0645!&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 13 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b9%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%b8%d9%84%d9%85\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b9%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%b8%d9%84%d9%85\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c 27 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rudawarabia.net\/arabic\/kurdistan\/27122024\">https:\/\/www.rudawarabia.net\/arabic\/kurdistan\/27122024<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> &#8220;\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c 18 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 (2025) <a href=\"https:\/\/npasyria.com\/193297\/\">https:\/\/npasyria.com\/193297\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u201c\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u201d\u202612 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c 27 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/vdc-nsy.com\/archives\/41829\">https:\/\/vdc-nsy.com\/archives\/41829<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 21 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.. \u201c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u201d \u0628\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/613265\/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1\/\">https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/613265\/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1\/#<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644 15 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 9 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84-15\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84-15\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c 23 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.syria.tv\/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\">https:\/\/www.syria.tv\/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (A\/HRC\/51\/45)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.un.org\/ar\/A\/HRC\/51\/45\">https:\/\/docs.un.org\/ar\/A\/HRC\/51\/45<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u00a0&#8220;\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.. \u201c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u201d \u0628\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/613265\/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1\/\">https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/613265\/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1\/#<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> &#8220;\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a.. \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c 12 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/economy\/%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B6%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/economy\/%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B6%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u201d:\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), \u201cRegulations: Art. 46,\u201d <em>Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 1907<\/em> (ICRC IHL Database <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/hague-conv-iv-1907\/regulations-art-46\">https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/hague-conv-iv-1907\/regulations-art-46<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a> International Criminal Court(ICC) <em>Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo<\/em>, ICC-01\/05-01\/08, Trial Chamber III, Judgment, 21 March 2016, paras. 115\u2013118<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/casebook.icrc.org\/case-study\/international-criminal-court-trial-judgment-case-prosecutor-v-jean-pierre-bemba-gombo\">https:\/\/casebook.icrc.org\/case-study\/international-criminal-court-trial-judgment-case-prosecutor-v-jean-pierre-bemba-gombo<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[64]<\/a> ICRC, \u201cRule 54. Attacks against Objects Indispensable to the Survival of the Civilian Population,\u201d <em>Customary IHL Database<\/em>, accessed August 11, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule54\">https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\/rule54<\/a> ; see also API art. 54 (UN OHCHR\/UN), and APII art. 14 (ICRC Commentary 1987).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[65]<\/a> ICRC, <em>Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I: Rules<\/em>, Rule 1 (Distinction) and Rule 14 (Proportionality), <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1\">https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/customary-ihl\/v1<\/a> ; and GC IV art. 53 (absolute military necessity standard).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[66]<\/a> ICRC, \u201cRegulations: Art. 46,\u201d <em>Hague IV (1907)<\/em> (private property must be respected; cannot be confiscated); and ICRC, \u201cGC IV\u2014Article 53,\u201d 1949 (destruction or seizure only if absolutely necessary by military operations).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[67]<\/a> International Criminal Court, <em>Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court<\/em>, Article 8(2)(b)(xvi) and 8(2)(e)(v), official consolidated PDF (May 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-05\/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf\">https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-05\/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\">[68]<\/a> ICC, <em>Bemba<\/em>, Judgment (paras. 115\u2013118) ; ICC, <em>Katanga<\/em>, Judgment pursuant to Article ; and Yulia Nuzban, \u201c \u2018For private or personal use\u2019: The meaning of the special intent requirement in the war crime of pillage,\u201d <em>International Review of the Red Cross<\/em> 104 (2022). ICC, <em>Bemba<\/em>, Judgment (para. 118)<\/p>\n<p>[68] ( \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0628\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u00ab\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\/\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u00bb \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629).<a href=\"#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\">[70]<\/a> ICRC, \u201cProtocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Article 1; ICC, <em>Elements of Crimes<\/em> (The Hague: ICC, 2011), Arts. 8(2)(b)(xvi) &amp; 8(2)(e)(v) (War crime of pillaging), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/default\/files\/Publications\/Elements-of-Crimes.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">International Criminal Court<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/asp.icc-cpi.int\/sites\/asp\/files\/asp_docs\/Publications\/Compendium\/ElementsOfCrime-ENG.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">International Criminal Court<\/a>; <em>Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo<\/em>, ICC-01\/05-01\/08, Trial Chamber III, Judgment, 21 March 2016, paras. 115\u2013118<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\">[71]<\/a> Geneva Academy\/RULAC, \u201cNon-International Armed Conflicts in Syria\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\">[72]<\/a> <em>Bemba<\/em>, Judgment, paras. 115\u2013118 (appropriation and lack of consent).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\">[73]<\/a> <em>Bemba<\/em>, Judgment, para. 116 (lack of owner\u2019s consent; inference from circumstances); ICTY, <em>Prosecutor v. Delali\u0107 et al. (\u010celebi\u0107i)<\/em>, IT-96-21-T, Trial Judgment, 16 November 1998.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref74\" name=\"_ftn74\">[74]<\/a> 1907 Hague Regulations, Art. 46 (respect for private property; no confiscation) &amp; Art. 47 (pillage forbidden),; Geneva Convention IV (1949), Art. 53 (prohibited destruction except where absolutely necessary by military operations).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref75\" name=\"_ftn75\">[75]<\/a> ICJ, <em>Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua<\/em> (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of 27 June 1986, para. 115 (effective control).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref76\" name=\"_ftn76\">[76]<\/a> ; ECtHR (Grand Chamber), <em>Al-Skeini and Others v. United Kingdom<\/em>, App. No. 55721\/07, Judgment, 7 July 2011 (extra-territorial jurisdiction where a State exercises authority\/control).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref77\" name=\"_ftn77\">[77]<\/a> ICRC, \u201cGC I Commentary\u2014Common Article 1 and State Responsibility,\u201d 28 January 2021, and related analyses on the \u2018ensure respect\u2019 obligation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref78\" name=\"_ftn78\">[78]<\/a> Geneva Convention IV, Art. 146\u2013147 (grave breaches; obligation to search for and prosecute or extradite); ICRC, <em>Customary IHL Study<\/em>, Rule 158 (duty to investigate\/prosecute war crimes), and ICRC factsheets\/guidance on penal repression.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref79\" name=\"_ftn79\">[79]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/shaam.org\/news\/syria-news\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/shaam.org\/news\/syria-news\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref80\" name=\"_ftn80\">[80]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf\">https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9% 8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref81\" name=\"_ftn81\">[81]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp-aciac.org\/publications\/ac\/compendium\/syria\/criminalization-lawenforcement\/sy-penal-code.pdf\">https:\/\/www.undp-aciac.org\/publications\/ac\/compendium\/syria\/criminalization-lawenforcement\/sy-penal-code.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref82\" name=\"_ftn82\">[82]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/feminpoliticalacademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84.pdf\">https:\/\/feminpoliticalacademy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref83\" name=\"_ftn83\">[83]<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642-\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ekb.eg\/article_268519_14b6900458f0399f1b118f2288c2842d.pdf\">https:\/\/journals.ekb.eg\/article_268519_14b6900458f0399f1b118f2288c2842d.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref84\" name=\"_ftn84\">[84]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/shaam.org\/news\/syria-news\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/shaam.org\/news\/syria-news\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref85\" name=\"_ftn85\">[85]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf\">https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref86\" name=\"_ftn86\">[86]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf\">https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref87\" name=\"_ftn87\">[87]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp-aciac.org\/publications\/ac\/compendium\/syria\/criminalization-lawenforcement\/sy-penal-code.pdf\">https:\/\/www.undp-aciac.org\/publications\/ac\/compendium\/syria\/criminalization-lawenforcement\/sy-penal-code.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref88\" name=\"_ftn88\">[88]<\/a> \u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp-aciac.org\/publications\/ac\/compendium\/syria\/criminalization-lawenforcement\/sy-penal-code.pdf\">https:\/\/www.undp-aciac.org\/publications\/ac\/compendium\/syria\/criminalization-lawenforcement\/sy-penal-code.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref89\" name=\"_ftn89\">[89]<\/a> \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a. <em>BiblioTdro\u00eet<\/em>\u060c 14 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotdroit.com\/2016\/05\/blog-post_87.html\">https:\/\/www.bibliotdroit.com\/2016\/05\/blog-post_87.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":28732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1431],"tags":[1206,672,1427,418,426],"class_list":["post-28721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1431","tag-1206","tag-672","tag-1427","tag-418","tag-426","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: 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