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href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88\/\">\u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88\/\">\u0643\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88\/\">\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88\/\">\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88\/\">\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88\/\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a 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href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 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name=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 40 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 53 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc158860823\"><\/a><strong>5. <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u2013\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a 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name=\"_Toc158860828\"><\/a><strong>5.5. <\/strong><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 93 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1958 \u2013 1961) \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 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25 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc158860836\"><\/a><strong>7.5. <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/csw\">\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/csw\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/a> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc158860839\"><\/a><strong>7.8.\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 5 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/ \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2018: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geiroon.net\/2018\/07\/05\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84\/\">https:\/\/www.geiroon.net\/2018\/07\/05\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 27 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2023).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2017: <a href=\"https:\/\/ademrights.org\/news345\">https:\/\/ademrights.org\/news345<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u201d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c 13 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/659387#ixzz8DOWLTbgt\">https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/659387#ixzz8DOWLTbgt<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 18 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 1908- 1955\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 1957\u060c \u0635 47.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0635 35-40.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0622\u0628\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2013.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0635 300-301<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 69\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/ \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2006.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 19. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2015: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdc-sy.info\/pdf\/reports\/1430186775-Arabic.pdf\">https:\/\/www.vdc-sy.info\/pdf\/reports\/1430186775-Arabic.pdf<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 27 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2023).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 94 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 27 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5518&amp;cat=423&amp;\">http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5518&amp;cat=423&amp;<\/a> (\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 35 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 100 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a 100 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=55105&amp;cat=4399&amp;\">http:\/\/parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=55105&amp;cat=4399&amp;<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 5 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 24 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2014: <a href=\"http:\/\/parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5516&amp;cat=327\">http:\/\/parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5516&amp;cat=327<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 40 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 107 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 7 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=201&amp;nid=4226\">http:\/\/parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=201&amp;nid=4226<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 15 \u0622\u0628\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2022: <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 109 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 14 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 22 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 55 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 63 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 10 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8230; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 93 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: <a href=\"http:\/\/213.178.227.241\/Ar\/SitePage\/Index?sysCode=301&amp;postid=52#tab_301\">http:\/\/213.178.227.241\/Ar\/SitePage\/Index?sysCode=301&amp;postid=52#tab_301<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021: <a href=\"https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA\/\">https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2007: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">No<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">Room<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">to<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">Breathe<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">: <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">State<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">Repression<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">of<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">Human<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">Rights<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">Activism<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">in<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">Syria<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">: <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">\u0644\u0627<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\"> (<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">hrw<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">org<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/legacy\/arabic\/reports\/2007\/syria1007\/4.htm#_ftn33\">)<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1330 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 28 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c 25 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2013: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2013\/06\/25\/250229\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2013\/06\/25\/250229<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628 !\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2015: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdc-sy.info\/index.php\/ar\/reports\/1430186775\">https:\/\/www.vdc-sy.info\/index.php\/ar\/reports\/1430186775<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c 6 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2004: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shrc.org\/?p=7451\">https:\/\/www.shrc.org\/?p=7451<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 (\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"https:\/\/syriancc.org\/2021\/09\/02\/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81\/\">https:\/\/syriancc.org\/2021\/09\/02\/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u202b\u200f\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u202b\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062e 30 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2015\u060c \u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"https:\/\/syriancc.org\/2022\/01\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%81%D9%8A\/\">https:\/\/syriancc.org\/2022\/01\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%81%D9%8A\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c S\/RES\/2254\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 2254\u060c 18 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/undocs.org\/Home\/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S%2FRES%2F2254(2015)&amp;Language=E&amp;DeviceType=Desktop&amp;LangRequested=False\">https:\/\/undocs.org\/Home\/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S%2FRES%2F2254(2015)&amp;Language=E&amp;DeviceType=Desktop&amp;LangRequested=False<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c 11 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021: <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a2%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 5 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c 4 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019: <a href=\"https:\/\/jusoor.co\/ar\/details\/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/jusoor.co\/ar\/details\/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 5 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2023)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 19 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/ \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2023: <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 5 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2023)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\/\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":24180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1431,1480,1481,376],"tags":[774,1524,1491,895],"class_list":["post-24169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1431","category-1480","category-1481","category-376","tag-774","tag-1524","tag-1491","tag-895","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\/\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 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