{"id":23308,"date":"2023-11-20T09:00:39","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T06:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/?p=23308"},"modified":"2023-11-21T20:25:32","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T17:25:32","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 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name=\"_Toc151325457\"><\/a><strong>5.2 <\/strong><strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 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name=\"_ftnref23\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 24 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a -\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1927\u060c \u064821 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1947\u060c \u064821 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1990- \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 27 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1927 \u064821 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1947 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325462\"><\/a>6.2 . \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 16).<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 128 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 24).<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 64).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 37\u060c 66\u060c 68\u060c 69).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 52).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 52).<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 32).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325463\"><\/a>6.3 . \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 17). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621.<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 53). \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064f\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 64\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 65:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 49). \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 53. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u062c\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621.<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325464\"><\/a>6.4 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325465\"><\/a>6.5. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628. \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 21) \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629.<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 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\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><a name=\"_Toc151325466\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc151325914\"><\/a> 7. \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23319 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1-780x176.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"885\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1-780x176.png 780w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1-850x192.png 850w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1-768x174.png 768w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1-585x132.png 585w, https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1.png 999w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 885px) 100vw, 885px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>7.1. \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1926:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1925 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1926.<a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a> \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221;.<a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (90) \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (22) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\"><sup>[38]<\/sup><\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325468\"><\/a>7.2 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1927:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 16\u060c 18\u060c 19\u060c 22\u060c 23\u060c 24 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627). \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1307 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1922 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633. (\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1943 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646).<a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325469\"><\/a>7.3 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 8 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1929:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 28\u060c 37\u060c 49\u060c 55\u060c 69. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 28 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633.<a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\"><sup>[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325470\"><\/a>7.4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325471\"><\/a>7.5 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1943 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631.<a href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\"><sup>[47]<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1943 \u0648\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646). \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1943 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325472\"><\/a>7.6. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a 21 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1947:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221;. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\"><sup>[48]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325473\"><\/a>7.7 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 23 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1989:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972- \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629&#8221; 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\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 21 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1990:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064e \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 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\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325478\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 1<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc151325479\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c 16 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2010<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mar.umd.edu\/chronology.asp?groupId=66001\">http:\/\/www.mar.umd.edu\/chronology.asp?groupId=66001<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c 2021<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/lebanon\/#people-and-society\">https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/lebanon\/#people-and-society<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u060c 25 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2018<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14649284\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14649284<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8211; 2004- 8&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/lebanon\/politics-2004.htm\">https:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/lebanon\/politics-2004.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/lebanon\/76.htm\">http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/lebanon\/76.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1964\u060c \u0635 594-604.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 25 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2005.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/469f3aa91e.html\">https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/469f3aa91e.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648. &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 2013\u060c \u0635 198-201<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/ifpo\/5002\">https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/ifpo\/5002<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 224-261.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2009<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ifes.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ifes_lebanon_esb_paper030209_0.pdf\">https:\/\/ifes.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ifes_lebanon_esb_paper030209_0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648 2012.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648. &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 2013\u060c \u0635 198-201<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/ifpo\/5002\">https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/ifpo\/5002<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1964\u060c \u0635 596.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648 2012\u060c \u0635 75.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 80.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648 2012\u060c \u0635 109.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c 2021\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/lebanon\/#people-and-society\">https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/lebanon\/#people-and-society<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c 16 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2010<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mar.umd.edu\/chronology.asp?groupId=66001\">http:\/\/www.mar.umd.edu\/chronology.asp?groupId=66001<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1964\u060c \u0635 599.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 226-267.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221;. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1964\u060c \u0635 600.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 601.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 230.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 231.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1964\u060c \u0635 601.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 228.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ifes.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ifes_lebanon_esb_paper030209_0.pdf\">https:\/\/ifes.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ifes_lebanon_esb_paper030209_0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 11.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 229.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ifes.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ifes_lebanon_esb_paper030209_0.pdf\">https:\/\/ifes.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ifes_lebanon_esb_paper030209_0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/lebanon\/76.htm\">http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/lebanon\/76.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\"><sup>[38]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 8.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 12\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1997.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3381819<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\"><sup>[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648 2012\u060c \u0635 90.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\"><sup>[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\"><sup>[43]<\/sup><\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1964\u060c \u0635 601.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\"><sup>[44]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 10.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\"><sup>[45]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\"><sup>[46]<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 25 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2005.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/469f3aa91e.html\">https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/469f3aa91e.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\"><sup>[47]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\"><sup>[48]<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\"><sup>[49]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 10.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\"><sup>[50]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 11.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\"><sup>[51]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u060c 25 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2018<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14649284\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14649284<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\"><sup>[52]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8211; 2004- 8&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/lebanon\/politics-2004.htm\">https:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/lebanon\/politics-2004.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 NED&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":23329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1431,1482,1480,376],"tags":[774,746,1141,354],"class_list":["post-23308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1431","category-1482","category-1480","category-376","tag-774","tag-746","tag-1141","tag-354","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with 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