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\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c[38]<\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 “\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u062d\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629”.[43]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0650\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 15. (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647) – (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 11 \u064812 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f). \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/tbinternet.ohchr.org\/_layouts\/15\/treatybodyexternal\/Download.aspx?symbolno=E%2fC.12%2f2002%2f11&Lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u201cPopulation Estimation of AANES\u201d, HDC, https:\/\/www.hdcorganisation.com\/_files\/ugd\/5f262a_eb8f691cd79f41c6b214c4a991150e3a.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Latest Update on Country Situation, ACAPS, (Last visited: 7 July 2023). https:\/\/www.acaps.org\/en\/countries\/syria#:~:text=Around%20three%20million%20people%20live,Syria%2C%20including%20over%20655%2C000%20IDPs<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u201cCurrent Situation of the Water Crisis in Northeast Syria and its Humanitarian Impacts\u201d, REACH, 26 June 2023. \u00a0https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/syrian-arab-republic\/current-situation-water-crisis-northeast-syria-and-its-humanitarian-impacts-july-2023-northeast-syria<\/a><\/p>\n [5]<\/a> \u201cDrought in Syria and Iraq \u2013 April 2021\u201d, GDO, 22 April 2021. https:\/\/edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/documents\/news\/GDODroughtNews202104_Syria_Iraq.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u201cClimate Change its Causes & Consequences\u201d, HDC, \u00a0https:\/\/www.hdcorganisation.com\/_files\/ugd\/5f262a_e154c459a4d34bc58b8ba2b38a0914ca.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> \u201cCurrent Situation of the Water Crisis in Northeast Syria and its Humanitarian Impacts\u201d, REACH, 26 June 2023.\u00a0 https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/syrian-arab-republic\/current-situation-water-crisis-northeast-syria-and-its-humanitarian-impacts-july-2023-northeast-syria<\/a><\/p>\n [8]<\/a>” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c 22 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/npasyria.com\/126843\/<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [9]<\/a> \u201cWater Crisis and Its Repercussions\u201d, HDC, https:\/\/www.hdcorganisation.com\/_files\/ugd\/5f262a_ad65c5b99b39498381a51b14cf5a66d7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/a> “\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627”\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634\u060c 7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2022\/11\/07\/syria-parties-conflict-aggravate-cholera-epidemic<\/a><\/p>\n [11]<\/a> “\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\/\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f”\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634\u060c 31 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023).<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2020\/03\/31\/340129<\/a><\/p>\n [12]<\/a> “\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643 36 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646”\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c 1 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/www.rudawarabia.net\/arabic\/kurdistan\/01072023<\/a><\/p>\n [13]<\/a>” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627”\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 31 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a3%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%85\/<\/a><\/p>\n [14]<\/a> “\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643\u201d \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f 19 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627”\u060c 28 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83-%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n [15]<\/a> “\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\/\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f”\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634\u060c 31 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023).<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2020\/03\/31\/340129<\/a><\/p>\n [16]<\/a> \u201cSyrian Army Secures Key Power Station in Northern al-Hasakah\u201d, South Front, 8 December 2019 (Last visited: 7 July 2023). https:\/\/southfront.org\/syrian-army-secures-key-power-station-in-northern-al-hasakah\/<\/a><\/p>\n [17]<\/a> \u201cWater Crisis and Its Repercussions\u201d, HDC, https:\/\/www.hdcorganisation.com\/_files\/ugd\/5f262a_ad65c5b99b39498381a51b14cf5a66d7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [18]<\/a> \u201cCurrent Situation of the Water Crisis in Northeast Syria and its Humanitarian Impacts\u201d, REACH, 26 June 2023.\u00a0 https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/syrian-arab-republic\/current-situation-water-crisis-northeast-syria-and-its-humanitarian-impacts-july-2023-northeast-syria<\/a><\/p>\n [19]<\/a> \u201cWater Shortage Crisis Escalating Between Turkey, Iraq and Syria\u201d, Save Tigris, 13 March 2021 (Last visited: 7 July 2023). https:\/\/www.savethetigris.org\/water-shortage-crisis-escalating-between-turkey-iraq-and-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n [20]<\/a> \u201cProtocol on Matters Pertaining to Economic Cooperation between the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Turkey\u201d, signed on 17 July 1987. http:\/\/gis.nacse.org\/tfdd\/tfdddocs\/1086ENG.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [21]<\/a> \u201cAllouk Water Station Shutdown and Humanitarian crisis, Syria\u201d, Environmental Justice Atlas, 15 February 2023 (Last visited: 7 July 2023). https:\/\/ejatlas.org\/conflict\/the-allouk-water-station-shutdown-a-humanitarian-crisis-in-northeastern-syria<\/a><\/p>\n [22]<\/a>” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641”\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u063324\/ \u0623 \u0641 \u0628\u060c 30 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2021 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9\/20210830-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81<\/a><\/p>\n [23]<\/a> \u201cWater Crisis and Its Repercussions\u201d, HDC, https:\/\/www.hdcorganisation.com\/_files\/ugd\/5f262a_ad65c5b99b39498381a51b14cf5a66d7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [24]<\/a> UN-ESCWA and BGR (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia; Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr<\/p>\n Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe). 2013. Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia. Beirut. https:\/\/waterinventory.org\/sites\/waterinventory.org\/files\/chapters\/Chapter-02-Shared-Tribiutaries-of-the-Euphrates-River-web_0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [25]<\/a> \u201cKilling the Khabur: How Turkish-backed armed groups blocked northeast Syria\u2019s water lifeline\u201d, PAX, 3 November 2021 (Last visited: 7 July 2023). https:\/\/paxforpeace.nl\/news\/killing-the-khabur-how-turkish-backed-armed-groups-blocked-northeast-syrias-water-lifeline\/<\/a><\/p>\n [26]<\/a> “\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c 21 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 6 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/document\/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A9<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [27]<\/a> \u201cResearch Terms of Reference: Cholera Surveillance at Health Facilities in Northeast Syria, SYR2214 (Nov 2022, Version 1)\u201d, REACH, 6 December 2022 (Last visited: 7 July 2023). https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/syrian-arab-republic\/research-terms-reference-cholera-surveillance-health-facilities-northeast-syria-syr2214-nov-2022-version-1<\/a><\/p>\n [28]<\/a>” \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 24 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7-%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%b9-%d9%88\/<\/a><\/p>\n [29]<\/a>” \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c 14 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/jfl.ngo\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9\/<\/a><\/p>\n [30]<\/a> “\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u200f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/dcagency-nes_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-activity-7084626054291550208-ZqMU?utm_source=li_share&utm_content=feedcontent&utm_medium=g_dt_web&utm_campaign=copy<\/a><\/p>\n [31]<\/a> “\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643\u201d \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f 19 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627”\u060c 28 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83-%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n [32]<\/a>” \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628: \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0634\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c 15 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023). https:\/\/syriadirect.org\/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B8%D9%84-%D8%A7\/?lang=ar<\/a><\/p>\n [33]<\/a> “Water Crisis in Northern and Northeast Syria – Immediate Response and Funding Requirements”, OCHA, 9 September 2021 (Last visited: 7 July 2023). https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/syrian-arab-republic\/water-crisis-northern-and-northeast-syria-immediate-response-and-funding<\/a><\/p>\n [34]<\/a> See in general, Stephen McCaffrey (ed.), \u2018The Law of International Watercourses\u2019, Oxford University Press<\/em>, Third Edition (2019).<\/p>\n [35]<\/a> Gab\u010d\u00edkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary\/Slovakia)<\/em>, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1997, p. 7, para. 85.<\/p>\n [36]<\/a> See, International Law Association, Berlin Conference (2004), Water Resources Law, Article 13 (Available at: http:\/\/www.cawater-info.net\/library\/eng\/l\/berlin_rules.pdf<\/a>).<\/p>\n [37]<\/a> Stephen McCaffrey, \u2018The Law of International Watercourses: Some recent Developments and Unanswered Questions\u2019, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy<\/em>, Spring (1991), p. 509.<\/p>\n [38]<\/a> Mohamed S. Helal, \u2018Sharing Blue Gold: The UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses Ten Years On\u2019, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy<\/em>, Vol. 18, No. 2. (2007), p. 345.<\/p>\n [39]<\/a> See, for example: Corfu Channel (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Albania)<\/em> (Merits), I.C.J. reports 1949, p. 4, para. 22.<\/p>\n [40]<\/a> UN General Assembly, Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations (A\/8082), Resolution No. 2625 (XXV), 24 October 1970.<\/p>\n [41]<\/a> See: PCIJ, Germany v. Poland<\/em> (1926), P.C.I.J. (Ser. A) No. 7 at 30.<\/p>\n [42]<\/a> B. Baker R\u00f6ben, \u2018International Freshwaters\u2019, in F.L. Morrison and R. Wolfrum (eds.), International, Regional and National Environmental Law<\/em> (2000), pp. 303-304.<\/p>\n [43]<\/a> Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay)<\/em>, <\/a>1. \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>2. \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>3. \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 36 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>4. \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>5.\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>6. \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>7.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>8. \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>9. \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/h4>\n
<\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
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<\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
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<\/a>10. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629:<\/h4>\n
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