{"id":21916,"date":"2023-06-19T08:00:57","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T05:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/?p=21916"},"modified":"2023-11-21T20:31:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T17:31:00","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 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name=\"_ftnref19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 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name=\"_ftnref25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table width=\"900\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 19<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 20<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2- \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 23<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 26 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 33 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 3 \u06484<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">3- <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>4- \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 34<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 40<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">1- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>3- \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 45<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 48<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"143\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 84<\/td>\n<td width=\"757\">\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 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\u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>4-<strong> \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>5- \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 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\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 150\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 150 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (156) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1981\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (183) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000.<a href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\"><sup>[46]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc137988479\"><\/a><strong>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a)\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc137988480\"><\/a><strong>7.1 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (2011-2023):<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\"><sup>[47]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0633\u062f)<a href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\"><sup>[48]<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062f)<a href=\"#_ftn49\" name=\"_ftnref49\"><sup>[49]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634)\u060c<a href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\"><sup>[50]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c<a href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\"><sup>[51]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc137988481\"><\/a><strong>7.2 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221; \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221; \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unescwa.org\/ar\/sd-glossary\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A#:~:text=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%3A,%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%20%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89\">https:\/\/www.unescwa.org\/ar\/sd-glossary\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A#:~:text=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%3A,%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%20%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629). \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2019. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Headquarters\/Attachments\/Sections\/Library\/Publications\/2019\/A-review-of-UN-Women-programming-on-gender-sensitive-transitional-justice-en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Headquarters\/Attachments\/Sections\/Library\/Publications\/2019\/A-review-of-UN-Women-programming-on-gender-sensitive-transitional-justice-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 11 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0627. 15 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2022. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/ar\/story\/2022\/03\/1096342\">https:\/\/news.un.org\/ar\/story\/2022\/03\/1096342<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2016. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/syrianfeministlobby.org\/?p=1811\">https:\/\/syrianfeministlobby.org\/?p=1811<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 2020 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf\">https:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 2021 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629). 11 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2021. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 CEOWORLD. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceoworld.biz\/2021\/06\/11\/the-worlds-best-countries-for-women-2021\/\">https:\/\/ceoworld.biz\/2021\/06\/11\/the-worlds-best-countries-for-women-2021\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. 2 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2014. \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2014\/07\/02\/254366\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2014\/07\/02\/254366<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: 185 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2019. 25 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-185-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81-%d9%85\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-185-%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81-%d9%85\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 2021 \u06482022. 2 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-100-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-2021\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-100-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-2021\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0651\u0631\u201d \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. 17 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%83%d9%91%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%ac%d9%91%d9%84-%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%83%d9%91%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%ac%d9%91%d9%84-%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u061f 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d8%a7\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d8%a7\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/arabstates.unwomen.org\/en\/digital-library\/publications\/2022\/10\/transitional-justice-and-national-action-plans-on-women-peace-and-security-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-region\">https:\/\/arabstates.unwomen.org\/en\/digital-library\/publications\/2022\/10\/transitional-justice-and-national-action-plans-on-women-peace-and-security-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-region<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.unescwa.org\/ar\/our-work\/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86\">https:\/\/archive.unescwa.org\/ar\/our-work\/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 30 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. 2015. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Headquarters\/Attachments\/Sections\/Library\/Publications\/2015\/Guidebook-CEDAW-General-Recommendation-30-Women-Peace-Security-ar.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Headquarters\/Attachments\/Sections\/Library\/Publications\/2015\/Guidebook-CEDAW-General-Recommendation-30-Women-Peace-Security-ar.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646: 1325 (2000)\u060c 1820 (2008)\u060c 1888 (2009)\u060c 1889 (2009)\u060c 1960 (2010)\u060c 2106 (2013)\u060c 2122 (2013)\u060c 2242 (2015)\u060c 2467 (2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629). \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2019. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Headquarters\/Attachments\/Sections\/Library\/Publications\/2019\/A-review-of-UN-Women-programming-on-gender-sensitive-transitional-justice-en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Headquarters\/Attachments\/Sections\/Library\/Publications\/2019\/A-review-of-UN-Women-programming-on-gender-sensitive-transitional-justice-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 (4). 27 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/node\/13592\">https:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/node\/13592<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"http:\/\/genderjustice.unescwa.org\/defenition.aspx\">http:\/\/genderjustice.unescwa.org\/defenition.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062a.\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/feminism-mena.fes.de\/ar\/topics\/gender-justice\">https:\/\/feminism-mena.fes.de\/ar\/topics\/gender-justice<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633.. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2007. \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/report\/2007\/10\/16\/255309\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/report\/2007\/10\/16\/255309<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651. 10 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/cswdsy.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%8C-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86\/\">https:\/\/cswdsy.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%8C-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 94 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5518&amp;cat=423\">http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5518&amp;cat=423<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"http:\/\/genderjustice.unescwa.org\/M2x.aspx\">http:\/\/genderjustice.unescwa.org\/M2x.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 33 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 (3-4) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1962. 4 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a.. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u061f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a.. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u061f 21 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646. 27 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2004. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahewar.org\/debat\/show.art.asp?aid=28801\">https:\/\/www.ahewar.org\/debat\/show.art.asp?aid=28801<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. 27 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021.\u00a0 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/cswdsy.org\/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84\/\">https:\/\/cswdsy.org\/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/ar\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 276 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=201&amp;nid=8182&amp;ref=tree&amp;#:~:text=%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%20%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AD%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85,%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%20%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%20%D8%B9%D9%84\">http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=201&amp;nid=8182&amp;ref=tree&amp;#:~:text=%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%20%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AD%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85,%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%20%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%20%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%20<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-pdf\/\">https:\/\/www.syrian-lawyer.club\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-pdf\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0622\u0628\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2021. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9.pdf\">https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf\">https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b: \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648&#8221;\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646. 3 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/medfeminiswiya.net\/2022\/10\/03\/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%AB-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%88\/?lang=ar\">https:\/\/medfeminiswiya.net\/2022\/10\/03\/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%AB-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%88\/?lang=ar<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf\">https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.pd<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 148 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=55151&amp;cat=12278#:~:text=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%20148%20%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85,%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%201%2\">http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=55151&amp;cat=12278#:~:text=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%20148%20%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85,%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%201%20%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%202011)&amp;text=1%20%D9%80%20%D9%84%D8%A7%20%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6%20%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9,%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B5%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u0631\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0634. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 16\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/ \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021 \u0635 129- 153.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0633. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wfp-d.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/07-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf\">http:\/\/wfp-d.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/07-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 192 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 148 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 242 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 148 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 17 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5589&amp;nid=4598&amp;First=0&amp;Last=79&amp;CurrentPage=0&amp;mid=&amp;refBack=\">http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5589&amp;nid=4598&amp;First=0&amp;Last=79&amp;CurrentPage=0&amp;mid=&amp;refBack=<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649. \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644. \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/researches\/%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a3%d9%85\/\">https:\/\/www.harmoon.org\/researches\/%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a3%d9%85\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. 8 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2014. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/beirut\/publications\/WCMS_250182\/lang--ar\/index.htm\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/beirut\/publications\/WCMS_250182\/lang&#8211;ar\/index.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/theglobalcoalition.org\/ar\/\">https:\/\/theglobalcoalition.org\/ar\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/sdf-press.com\/\">https:\/\/sdf-press.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/m-syria-d.com\/\">https:\/\/m-syria-d.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f. 2017. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1900\/RR1970\/RAND_RR1970z1.arabic.pdf\">https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1900\/RR1970\/RAND_RR1970z1.arabic.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/aanesgov.org\/ar\/\">https:\/\/aanesgov.org\/ar\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u201c\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. 6 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%86\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u0631\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. 2 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017\u060c \u0635 313- 327.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.\u060c 14 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2014. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/HRBodies\/HRCouncil\/CoISyria\/HRC_CRP_ISIS_14Nov2014_AR.pdf\u061b\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/HRBodies\/HRCouncil\/CoISyria\/HRC_CRP_ISIS_14Nov2014_AR.pdf\u061b<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634&#8221; \u064a\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.\u060c 24 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/ \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c 2016:. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/dengekurdistan.net\/2018\/11\/19\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7\/\">https:\/\/dengekurdistan.net\/2018\/11\/19\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/eb.smne-syria.com\/category\/13\">https:\/\/eb.smne-syria.com\/category\/13<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/kongra-star.org\/ar\/?page_id=2806\">https:\/\/kongra-star.org\/ar\/?page_id=2806<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"http:\/\/jin-jiyan.com\/\">http:\/\/jin-jiyan.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b. 10 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2021. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0635: 138- 190. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/firatn.com\/?p=2636\">https:\/\/firatn.com\/?p=2636<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.. (6) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8230; \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. 27 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/jinhaagency1.com\/ar\/alsyast\/alkwta-alnsayyt-6-almrat-fy-shmal-wshrq-swrya-snwat-qlylt-wanjaz-kbyr-2180\">https:\/\/jinhaagency1.com\/ar\/alsyast\/alkwta-alnsayyt-6-almrat-fy-shmal-wshrq-swrya-snwat-qlylt-wanjaz-kbyr-2180<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a> \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a. 27 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c \u0635 20-21. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilpf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Turning-the-tide-Arabic.pdf?_gl=1*1atkfyh*_up*MQ..*_ga*MTg5OTQyNDA1Mi4xNjg2NzQ0NDA5*_ga_M0METNSX3T*MTY4Njc0NDQwOC4xLjAuMTY4Njc0NDQwOC4wLjAuMA\">https:\/\/www.wilpf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Turning-the-tide-Arabic.pdf?_gl=1*1atkfyh*_up*MQ..*_ga*MTg5OTQyNDA1Mi4xNjg2NzQ0NDA5*_ga_M0METNSX3T*MTY4Njc0NDQwOC4xLjAuMTY4Njc0NDQwOC4wLjAuMA<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u2026 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627. 26 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/sirajsy.net\/ar\/?p=5904\">https:\/\/sirajsy.net\/ar\/?p=5904<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":21922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1431,375,1480,1481,376],"tags":[242,774,300,895,761,775],"class_list":["post-21916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1431","category-375","category-1480","category-1481","category-376","tag-242","tag-774","tag-300","tag-895","tag-761","tag-775","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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