{"id":17470,"date":"2022-06-28T04:57:01","date_gmt":"2022-06-28T01:57:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/?p=17470"},"modified":"2022-06-28T23:05:41","modified_gmt":"2022-06-28T20:05:41","slug":"%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0644 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justify;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.syriaaccountability.org\/1844\/\">\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/a> \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 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rtl;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646: <strong>UNHCR<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 900 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 <u>\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/u>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b <a href=\"https:\/\/legal.un.org\/ilc\/texts\/instruments\/english\/draft_articles\/9_11_2011.pdf\">\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">________<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0631\u0642\u0645 2504&#8221; \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0649&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221; (\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637) \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u062b\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> UN General Assembly Resolution 46\/182 (1991, Annex, para. 4; see also UNGA Res. 43\/131 (1988); UNGA Res. 45\/100 (1990); UNSC Res. 1706 (2006), para. 12; UNSC Res. 1814 (2008), para. 17; UNSC Res. 1894 (2009), preambular para. 5 and 6; UNSC Res. 1906 (2009), para. 3; UNSC Res. 1910 (2010), preambular para. 16; UNSC Res. 1923 (2010), para. 2 and UNSC Res. 1970 (2011), preambular para. 9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> UN Secretary-General, Report on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, UN Doc. S\/1999\/957 (1999), para. 51, as reiterated a decade later in the Secretary-General\u2019s report on the same topic of 2009, S\/2009\/277 (2009), para. 7; see also S\/2001\/331, para. 51 and S\/2004\/431, para. 24.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> ICTY, the Proescutor v. Zejnil Delalic et al., Case No IT-96-21-T, Judgment, 16 November 1998, para. 543: \u201cIn sum, the Trial Chamber finds that inhuman treatment is an intentional act or omission, that is an act which, judged objectively, is deliberate and not accidental, which causes serious mental or physical suffering or injury or constitutes a serious attack on human dignity\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0665\u0665.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0665\u0666.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0667\u0660(\u0663)(\u062c) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0665\u0665 \u0648\u0665\u0666.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0667\u0661(\u0663) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0665\u0666 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0661\u0660\u0663.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> See e.g., Tshisekedi v. Zaire, No. 242\/1987, para. 13 b; Mika Miha v. Equatorial Guinea, No. 414\/1990, para. 6.4; Mukong v. Cameroon, No. 458\/1991, para. 9.4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u00a0\u0631\u0642\u0645 2504\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 11 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 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