{"id":17399,"date":"2022-06-22T07:00:38","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T04:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/?p=17399"},"modified":"2022-06-20T18:40:41","modified_gmt":"2022-06-20T15:40:41","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c 2) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 3) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642\u061f<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ezdina.com\/\">\u0625\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurdishpeace.org\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoplatform.org\/ar\/node\/3931\">\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pel-cw.org\/\">\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sara.organization\">\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627<\/a>&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\/\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/KomelaSawiska\">\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0643\u0627<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/hevdesti.org\/ar\/\">\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"direction: rtl;\">\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%82%D9%85%D8%AD-%D9%88-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-100594215740328\/\">\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_______<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Human Rights Council, Human rights abuses and international humanitarian law violations in the Syrian Arab Republic, 21 July 2016 \u2013 28 February 2017, Conference room paper of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, A\/HRC\/34\/CRP.3, 10 March 2017, \u00a7 103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a (2016)\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 (2018)\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (2019)\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 (2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c 02 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2018.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/latest\/news\/2018\/08\/syria-turkey-must-stop-serious-violations-by-allied-groups-and-its-own-forces-in-afrin\/\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/latest\/news\/2018\/08\/syria-turkey-must-stop-serious-violations-by-allied-groups-and-its-own-forces-in-afrin\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> UN General Assembly,\u00a0<em>Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic<\/em>, 14 August 2020, A\/HRC\/45\/31, \u00a7 67 (<a href=\"https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G20\/210\/90\/PDF\/G2021090.pdf?OpenElement\">https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G20\/210\/90\/PDF\/G2021090.pdf?OpenElement<\/a>); See also UN General Assembly, <em>Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic<\/em>, 08 February 2022, A\/HRC\/49\/77, \u00a7 93 (<a href=\"https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G22\/251\/52\/PDF\/G2225152.pdf?OpenElement\">https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G22\/251\/52\/PDF\/G2225152.pdf?OpenElement<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> UN News, <em>UN rights chief calls for Turkey to probe violations in northern Syria<\/em>, 18 September 2020 (<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/09\/1072752\">https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/09\/1072752<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> Haid Haid, <em>Turkey\u2019s Gradual Efforts to Professionalize Syrian Allies<\/em>, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 02 November 2018 (<a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/77638\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/77638<\/a>); and Sultan al-Kanj, <em>Turkey-backed Syrian opposition groups merge under new banner<\/em>, Al-Monitor, 16 September 2021 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/09\/turkey-backed-syrian-opposition-groups-merge-under-new-banner\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2021\/09\/turkey-backed-syrian-opposition-groups-merge-under-new-banner<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> UN General Assembly, <em>Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic<\/em>, 08 February 2022, A\/HRC\/49\/77, \u00a7 43 \u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G22\/251\/52\/PDF\/G2225152.pdf?OpenElement\">https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G22\/251\/52\/PDF\/G2225152.pdf?OpenElement<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633.. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 28 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2018.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/248305\">https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/248305<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/latest\/news\/2019\/10\/syria-damning-evidence-of-war-crimes-and-other-violations-by-turkish-forces-and-their-allies\/\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/latest\/news\/2019\/10\/syria-damning-evidence-of-war-crimes-and-other-violations-by-turkish-forces-and-their-allies\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> UN General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic\u201d, 08 February 2022, A\/HRC\/49\/77, \u00a7 61 (<a href=\"https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G22\/251\/52\/PDF\/G2225152.pdf?OpenElement\">https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G22\/251\/52\/PDF\/G2225152.pdf?OpenElement<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> <sup>\u00a0<\/sup>UN General Assembly,\u00a0\u201cReport of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic\u201d, 14 August 2020, A\/HRC\/45\/31, \u00a7 82 (<a href=\"https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G20\/210\/90\/PDF\/G2021090.pdf?OpenElement\">https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G20\/210\/90\/PDF\/G2021090.pdf?OpenElement<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTNASFwn0tVe4hwzVwYu-LHbxlpEnmlWSGdvOeefTEJMyM9srDxSn_VjE2mh9AG4w\/pubhtml\">https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTNASFwn0tVe4hwzVwYu-LHbxlpEnmlWSGdvOeefTEJMyM9srDxSn_VjE2mh9AG4w\/pubhtml<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645\/\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629: &#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061f&#8221;\u060c 03 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/?p=10823\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/afrin-how-eight-women-were-forcibly-disappeared-by-the-hamza-division\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> ICRC Commentary on GCII (2017), \u00a7 331.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0ICRC, \u2018<em>Occupation and other Forms of Administration. Expert Meeting<\/em>\u2019, March 2012, p. 18.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), <em>CCPR General Comment No. 26: Continuity of Obligations<\/em>, 8 December 1997, CCPR\/C\/21\/Rev.1\/Add.8\/Rev.1. \u00a74.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0ICJ, <em>Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory<\/em>, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 2004, p. 136, \u00a7 106.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0ICJ, <em>Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda)<\/em>, Judgment, 19 December 2005, ICJ Reports 2005, para. 178.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 18 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1954.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0ECtHR, <em>Al-Skeini et al. v. the United Kingdom<\/em>, Application no. 55721\/07, Judgment (Grand Chamber), 7 July 2011, \u00a7\u00a7 131-140.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0UN Secretary General, <em>Ending violence against women: From words to action. Study of the Secretary-General<\/em>, 2006, p. iv (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/daw\/vaw\/publications\/English%252520Study.pdf\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/daw\/vaw\/publications\/English%20Study.pdf<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, article 2 (e).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women general recommendation 19, article 24 (i); note 15, article 4 (d).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0OHCHR, \u201cResponse to Questionnaire by the Turkish Ministry of Justice.\u201d 05 August 2020 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/calls-for-input\/2021\/rape-grave-and-systematic-human-rights-violation-and-gender-based-violence\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/calls-for-input\/2021\/rape-grave-and-systematic-human-rights-violation-and-gender-based-violence<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0UN Human Rights Committee, <em>General Comment No. 31 [80]: The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, adopted on 29 March 2004 (2187<sup>th<\/sup> meeting),<\/em> CCPR\/C\/21\/Rev.1\/Add.13, 26 May 2004, \u00a7 10.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0Ibid. \u00a7 16.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: rtl; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0ICRC, IHL Database, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Rule No. 158 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/customary-ihl\/eng\/docs\/v1_rul_rule158\">https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/customary-ihl\/eng\/docs\/v1_rul_rule158<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0650\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":17405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[375,15],"tags":[488,222,242,295,210,425,787,761,355,759,346,197],"class_list":["post-17399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-375","category-15","tag-488","tag-222","tag-242","tag-295","tag-210","tag-425","tag-787","tag-761","tag-355","tag-759","tag-346","tag-197","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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