{"id":11311,"date":"2020-09-04T08:00:38","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T05:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/?p=11311"},"modified":"2020-09-03T17:53:27","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T14:53:27","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 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\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0651\u064c \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> &#8221; \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 11 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0641\u062a\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 28 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a8%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a6-%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ac\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a8%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a6-%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ac\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u063a\u064a \u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (1483-1546) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u060c 2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a (\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0633 (1583-1645) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627\u060c 1996).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0643\u064a. \u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 (\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u061f \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u060c 2012.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u061f&#8221;\u060c Za\u00f6RV 40 (1980): 1-30. \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a (1937-2011): \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c 2008. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (UNGA) \u0647\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 193 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a. \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0632 (\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a 163\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 3 (2018): 66-72.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627&#8221;\u060c 13-17 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2019\u060c\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24622&amp;LangID=E\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24622&amp;LangID=E<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 10 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627&#8221;\u060c 8-15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2017\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22595&amp;LangID=E\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22595&amp;LangID=E<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 10 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&#8220;\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629&#8221; \u060c 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2016\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/FR\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20696&amp;LangID=F\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/FR\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20696&amp;LangID=F<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 10 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020)\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> &#8220;\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 11 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<br \/>\n\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0633&#8221; \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 10. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 &#8220;\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062a\u0633&#8221; \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0628.\u0633.\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064d \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0643\u064a. \u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 (\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2017)\u060c 35-48. \u0634\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a: \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c 1 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/30ddfdd0-b83e-11e9-96bd-8e884d3ea203\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/30ddfdd0-b83e-11e9-96bd-8e884d3ea203<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0626\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 19 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/rift-moscow-damascus-200517173011730.html\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/rift-moscow-damascus-200517173011730.html<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062d\u062a: &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/publication\/russia-and-iran-economic-influence-syria\/2019-03-08RussiaAndIranEconomicInfluenceInSyria.pdf\">https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/publication\/russia-and-iran-economic-influence-syria\/2019-03-08RussiaAndIranEconomicInfluenceInSyria.pdf<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c 20 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.syriaaccountability.org\/2020\/02\/20\/%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b0\/\">https:\/\/ar.syriaaccountability.org\/2020\/02\/20\/%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b0\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> &#8220;\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627&#8221; \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0634. 11 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013. (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 3 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/report\/2013\/10\/11\/256480\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/report\/2013\/10\/11\/256480<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c 10 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/syrian-crisis\/2018\/03\/10\/turkish-post-office-serves-syrias-liberated-jarablus\">https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/syrian-crisis\/2018\/03\/10\/turkish-post-office-serves-syrias-liberated-jarablus<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633.. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c 29 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2018\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/248305\">https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/248305<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 &#8220;\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u062e \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f\u060c 15 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/06\/turkey-syria-ankara-pouring-turkish-lira-alleviate-sanctions.html#ixzz6Tbs4cBmK\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/06\/turkey-syria-ankara-pouring-turkish-lira-alleviate-sanctions.html#ixzz6Tbs4cBmK<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629: &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a.. \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/402851\">https:\/\/www.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/402851<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 &#8220;\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 9 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b9%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b9%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643\u201d \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f 19 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 28 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83-%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%ae\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83-%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%ae\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 1 \u0622\u0628\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u060c 31 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-47069403\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-47069403<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 &#8220;\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 22 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u00a0&#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c 21 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2017\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/feb\/21\/russia-increases-involvement-libya-signing-oil-deal-rosneft\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/feb\/21\/russia-increases-involvement-libya-signing-oil-deal-rosneft<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c DW\u060c 3 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkeys-strategic-play-in-libya-to-help-reap-economic-gains\/a-54037623\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkeys-strategic-play-in-libya-to-help-reap-economic-gains\/a-54037623<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a>\u00a0[24] &#8220;\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 10 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a3%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a4%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%a3%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a4%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a\/<\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0 &#8220;\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 7 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a3\/\">https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/ar\/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a3\/<\/a>\u00a0 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 1 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0643\u064a. \u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 (\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0637\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 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